Table 2.
Postoperative complications (n=192)
| Complication | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| All complications | 135 (70.3) |
| Major complications (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥III) | 37 (19.3) |
| Pleural effusiona) | 52 (27.1) |
| Anastomotic stenosisb) | 36 (18.8) |
| Vocal cord palsyc) | 29 (15.1) |
| Anastomotic leakd) | 36 (18.8) |
| Type I | 7 (3.6) |
| Type II | 21 (10.9) |
| Type III | 8 (4.2) |
| Pneumonia | 19 (9.9) |
| Chylothorax | 12 (6.2) |
| Wound complicationse) | 12 (6.2) |
| Respiratory failure | 6 (3.1) |
| Gastrointestinal complicationsf) | 4 (2.1) |
| Postoperative bleedingg) | 2 (1.0) |
a)Pleural effusion requiring drainage. b)Narrowing at the anastomosis site necessitating 1 or more endoscopic balloon dilatations. c)Diagnosed based on clinical presentation or endoscopic findings. d)Categorized based on the Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group (ECCG) classification. e)Include surgical site infection, wound dehiscence, and delayed wound healing requiring local wound care or surgical revision. f)Gastrointestinal complications including postoperative feeding jejunostomy-related intestinal obstruction, pancreatic leakage, or chyloascites, confirmed by imaging or reoperation. g)Postoperative bleeding requiring surgical re-exploration for hemostasis.