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. 2025 Oct 24;12:1658843. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1658843

Table 2.

Baseline characteristics.

Category Variable Total Group 1 Group 2 p value
Sociodemographics Sample size n (%) 202 (100%) 134 (66.34%) 68 (33.66%) -
Sex Men Absolut number 118 79 39 0.946
Women 84 55 29
Ratio Men: women 1.4 1.44 1.34
Age
(years)
Mean ± SD 35.27 ± 14.81 34.99 ± 15.85 35.82 ± 12.60 0.6833
Patients under 18 Absolut number 16 13 3 0.27175
Body Mass Index
(kg/m2)
Mean ± SD 24.93 ± 4.22 24.75 ± 4.54 25.33 ± 3.42 0.3388
Abd. Per. (cm) Men Mean ± SD 92.98 ± 11.29 93.01 ± 11.40 92.91 ± 11.20 0.9659
Women Mean ± SD 80.41 ± 14.72 79.10 ± 15.69 83.25 ± 12.17 0.2136
Habits Physical exercise (days per week) Mean ± SD 2.36 ± 2.06 2.20 ± 1.97 2.70 ± 2.21 0.141
Toxic habits Any (present or past) Absolut number Yes 134 Yes 91 Yes 43 0.590
No 59 No 37 No 22
Unknown 9 Unknown 6 Unknown 3
Medical History CVRF Absolut number Yes 46 Yes 34 Yes 12 0.313
No 155 No 100 No 55
Unknown 1 Unknown 0 Unknown 1
Non-atopic comorbidities Absolut number Yes 117 Yes 76 Yes 41 0.737
No 85 No 58 No 27
Unknown 0 Unknown 0 Unknown 0
Allergies Absolut number Yes 168 Yes 110 Yes 58 0.707
No 34 No 24 No 10
Unknown 0 Unknown 0 Unknown 0
Atopic comorbidities Absolut number Yes 146 Yes 101 Yes 45 0.225
No 56 No 33 No 23
Unknown 0 Unknown 0 Unknown 0
Family history of atopic dermatitis Absolut number Yes 101 Yes 70 Yes 31 0.457
No 101 No 64 No 37
Unknown 0 Unknown 0 Unknown 0
Family history of atopic comorbidities (asthma, hay fever) Absolut number Yes 84 Yes 57 Yes 27 0.814
No 118 No 77 No 41
Unknown 0 Unknown 0 Unknown 0
Disease history Age at debut Mean ± SD 13.58 ± 16.81 12.89 ± 17.60 14.96 ± 15.16 0.3909
Disease-free period in life Number (%) 59 (29.21%) 44 (32.84%) 15 (22.06%) 0.1533
Years of evolution pre- Mean ± SD 20.34 ± 11.86 20.67 ± 12.43 19.69 ± 10.71 0.5616
Visits to ED pre- Number (%) 151 (74.75%) 93 (69.40%) 58 (85.29%) 0.0223*
Admissions pre- Number (%) 16 (7.92%) 14 (10.45%) 2 (2.94%) 0.1116
Seasonal changes in disease severity Number (%) 138 (68.31%) 90 (67.16%) 48 (70.59%) 0.978
Treatment history Use of emolient (days per week) Mean ± SD 4.90 ± 2.48 4.84 ± 2.50 5.01 ± 2.46 0.636
Prior exposition to classic systemic therapies Number (any) Mean ± SD 1.78 ± 1.06 1.62 ± 0.96 2.09 ± 1.19 0.0058*
CsA Number (%) 188 (93.07%) 122 (91.04%) 66 (97.06%) 0.19454
MTX 65 (32.18%) 38 (28.36%) 27 (39.71%) 0.141
AZA 25 (12.38%) 12 (8.96%) 13 (19.12%) 0.06481
MM 31 (15.35%) 16 (11.94%) 15 (22.06%) 0.09317
UV 39 (19.31%) 39 (19.31%) 14 (20.59%) 0.88862
IgIV 11 (5.45%) 4 (2.99%) 7 (10.29%) 0.06646
Prior exposition to AST Patients n (%) 60 (29.70) 27 (20.15%) 33 (48.53%) 0.0001*
Number (any) Mean ± SD 0.36 ± 0.70 0.21 ± 0.49 0.66 ± 0.92 0.0003*
Biologics Mean ± SD 0.18 ± 0.43 0.08 ± 0.28 0.37 ± 0.60 0.0003*
JAKi Mean ± SD 0.18 ± 0.44 0.13 ± 0.33 0.29 ± 0.57 0.0291*

The table includes a summary of sociodemographic data, body measurements, lifestyle choices, and non-AD-related past medical history from participants, which have been extensively and more individually characterized in reference (53). Disease history and prior treatment exposure, stratified by treatment group, are more deeply analyzed. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) is given for continuous variables, and absolute numbers and/or percentages for categorical variables. Statistically significant comparisons are indicated in bold (*).