Table 2.
Reported revisions and complications of the included studies
| Author and year | Treatment and number of injections | Surgery (n) |
Complications (n) |
Remarks on complications and revision surgeries |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blaine et al. 2008 [51] | HA (n = 5) and PBS (n = 3) | 0 | 0 | No surgical revisions required. No product-related serious adverse events. Most common side effects included injection-site pain and arthralgia, all mild and transient |
| HA (n = 5) and PBS (n = 5) | ||||
| PBS (n = 5) | ||||
| Brander et al. 2010 [52] | HA (n = 5) | 0 | 3 | 3 patients had transient post-injection shoulder pain; no inflammatory or serious adverse events |
| Centeno et al. 2015 [53] | BMC (n = 1) | NR | 5 | 3 cases of pain (possibly related), 1 cardiac event, 1 other (both unlikely related); no serious adverse events reported |
| Dwyer et al. 2021 [41] | BMA (n = 1) | 0 | 0 | No complications or revision surgeries were observed in either group during the 12-month follow-up |
| CCs (n = 1) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Fan et al. 2022 [54] | MFAT (n = 1) | NR | NR | No adverse events or revision surgeries were explicitly reported for shoulders |
| Kirschner et al. 2022 [55] | HA (n = 1) | 16 | 1 | Sixteen patients underwent total shoulder replacements following their study injections. Ten had surgery during the study period, and six had surgery after their 12-month follow-up |
| LP-PRP (n = 1) | 1 | |||
| Kwon et al. 2013 [56] | HA (n = 1) | 0 | NR | Minor adverse events, primarily arthralgia and musculoskeletal pain, were reported in both groups. No serious treatment-related complications or revision surgeries occurred during the 26-week trial period |
| PBS (n = 1) | 0 | NR | ||
| Merolla et al. 2011 [57] | HA (n = 3) | 5 | 7 | In the Hylan group, five underwent surgery (4 TSA, 1 arthroscopy); two minor events occurred in the steroid group |
| CCs (n = 3) | 0 | 2 | ||
| Metzger et al. 2011 [58] | CCs (n = 3) | 12 | NR | No adverse events reported; 12 shoulders required repeat injection or arthroplasty within 12 months |
| Monti et al., 2025 [59] | HA (n = 3) | 1 | NR | No adverse events were reported; one patient was referred for surgery for persistent symptoms |
| Noël et al., 2009 [60] | HA (n = 1) | 0 | 10 | No serious treatment-related adverse events or revision surgeries were reported |
| HA (n = 2) | ||||
| Silverstein et al., 2007 [61] | HA (n = 3) | 1 | 21 | 21 adverse events, none device-related; 1 patient underwent shoulder arthroplasty for persistent pain |
| Tortato et al. 2022 [62] | HA (n = 1) | 0 | 4 | Adverse events were limited to transient injection-site pain, and no revisions were required |
| CCs (n = 1) | 0 | 2 |
HA: hyaluronic acid; TSA: total shoulder arthroplasty; AE: adverse events; NR: not reported