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(I) Chemical structures of (a) fully acetylated chitin [poly-(1–4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine], (b) fully deacetylated CS [poly-(1–4)-D-glucosamine], and (c) Citooligosacharide [130]. Copyright 2022. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier. (ii) Steps involved in extracting chitin and synthesis, and post-treatment of CS [133]. Copyright 2021. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier.
