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. 2025 Oct 24;55:703–753. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.09.028

Fig. 23.

Fig. 23

CS-based hydrogel networks formed through various physical interactions: (a) CS networks created with ionic molecules, neutral polymers, and polyelectrolyte polymers, and (b) thermo-reversible networks of CS graft copolymers that transition into a semi-solid gel at body temperature and remain liquid below RT [193]. Copyright 2010. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier.