Table 2.
Association of muscle strength with incident depressive symptoms
| No. of cases/ participants | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | RD | HR (95% CI) | RD | HR (95% CI) | RD | ||
| Handgrip strength, Kg | 2707/6961 | 0.98 (0.97–0.98) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.98 (0.98–0.99) | |||
| First quantile (< 27.5) | 833/1741 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Second quantile (27.5–34.0) | 736/1740 | 0.80 (0.72–0.88) | -0.08 | 0.82 (0.74–0.98) | -0.07 | 0.82 (0.74–0.91) | -0.07 |
| Third quantile (34.0–42.0) | 615/1740 | 0.63 (0.57–0.70) | -0.15 | 0.70 (0.62–0.79) | -0.13 | 0.71 (0.63–0.80) | -0.13 |
| Fourth quantile ( > = 42.0) | 523/1740 | 0.51 (0.45–0.56) | -0.22 | 0.59 (0.51–0.68) | -0.19 | 0.61 (0.53–0.71) | -0.18 |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Time of 5TSTS, seconds | 2707/6961 | 1.03 (1.02–1.03) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | |||
| First quantile (< 7.8) | 591/1741 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Second quantile (7.8–9.5) | 661/1740 | 1.15 (1.03–1.29) | 0.04 | 1.10 (0.98–1.22) | 0.03 | 1.09 (0.97–1.21) | 0.03 |
| Third quantile (9.5–11.7) | 698/1740 | 1.27 (1.14–1.42) | 0.07 | 1.18 (1.05–1.31) | 0.06 | 1.17 (1.04–1.30) | 0.05 |
| Fourth quantile ( > = 11.7) | 757/1740 | 1.47 (1.32–1.64) | 0.12 | 1.32 (1.18–1.47) | 0.10 | 1.30 (1.16–1.45) | 0.09 |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, RD risk difference, 5TSTS Five Times Sit to Stand Test; Model 1 was the basic model. Mode 2 was adjusted for age, gender, education, income, marriage; Model 3 was further adjusted for smoke, alcohol use, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, number of comorbidities, number of child, weight loss, and mild cognitive decline