Skip to main content
. 2025 Nov 7;25:1452. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-13598-5

Table 3.

Relationship between performance measurement indicators and care quality improvement objectives

Performance measurement indicators ↓ Care quality improvement objectives ↓
TIMELINESS Decreasing Lead Time Decreasing Waiting Time Providing timely care
Lead time (20 papers) X X -
Waiting time (18 papers) X X -
Cycle time (16 papers) X X -
Time to care (6 papers) - X X
Waiting queue length (4 papers) - X X
Total throughput time (3 papers) - - X
N. Patient tasks (2 papers) - X X
EFFICIENCY Improving process standardization Increasing productivity Reducing intake appointments no-shows Sustaining workflow redesign over time
N. Patients (6 papers) - X - -
Value-added ratio – VAR (5 papers) - X - -
N. Scheduled appointments (4 papers) X X - -
% Task occurrence (4 papers) X X - -
N. Unscheduled appointments (2 papers) X X - -
N. nurses (2 papers) - X - -
N. or % No-shows (2 papers) - - X -
Overall Resource Efficiency – ORE (1 paper) - X - -
N. Patient tasks (1 paper) X - - -
N. Recurrent appointments (1 paper) - X - -
% Compliance with new guidelines (1 paper) X - - -
Perceptive process efficiency index (2 papers) - X - X
EFFECTIVENESS Enhancing diseases prevention Increasing diseases diagnoses
N. or % Prevention activities (4 papers) X -
N. New diagnoses (1 paper) - X
PATIENT CENTEREDNESS Improving patients’ satisfaction

Perceptive patients’ satisfaction index

(7 papers)

X
EMPLOYEES’ WORK-BALANCE Improving employees’ work experience satisfaction
% Absenteeism (1 paper) X
N. Overtime (1 paper) X
Perceptive work experience satisfaction index (3 papers) X
SAFETY Improving patients’ safety
N. Errors (2 papers) X

***A single paper may reference multiple improvement objectives and performance measurement indicators for each care quality goal