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. 2025 Jul 4;14:651. [Version 1] doi: 10.12688/f1000research.166307.1

Table 3. Performance comparison with existing models.

Model Accuracy (%) Precision (%) Recall (%) F1-Score (%) AUC (%)
Logistic Regression 85 83.4 86.5 84.9 88.2
Random Forest 88.4 86.7 90.2 88.4 91.5
SVM 86.3 84.9 87.1 86 89.7
Standard LSTM 91.2 90.1 91 90.5 93.8
RA-BiLSTM 16 97.7 97.3 97.5 97.4 98.6
X-TLRABiLSTM (Proposed) 98.2 97.9 98.3 98.1 99.1