Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics from Specific Health Checkups in 2013, Including Laboratory Tests and Questionnaire Items after Propensity Score Matching.
| Age < 49 years | Age ≥ 49 years | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Precontemplation stage | Contemplation-or-Higher Stage | Standardized difference | Precontemplation stage | Contemplation-or-Higher Stage | Standardized difference | |||||
| (n=1495) | (n=1495) | (n=1749) | (n=1749) | |||||||
| mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | |||
| Age (years) | 43.6 | 2.5 | 43.6 | 2.6 | -0.014 | 56.1 | 5.3 | 56.4 | 5.5 | 0.050 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 115.1 | 15.6 | 114.6 | 15.3 | -0.038 | 120.6 | 19.3 | 120.4 | 18.1 | -0.009 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.5 | 11.5 | 73.0 | 11.0 | -0.043 | 77.7 | 12.6 | 77.4 | 11.9 | -0.023 |
| Fasting Plasma Glucose (mg/dL) | 98.4 | 15.2 | 98.2 | 15.4 | -0.019 | 101.1 | 17.1 | 101.0 | 15.3 | -0.003 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 118.7 | 96.8 | 116.9 | 84.1 | -0.020 | 121.1 | 106.9 | 119.6 | 87.5 | -0.016 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 59.3 | 14.2 | 59.8 | 14.5 | 0.037 | 61.1 | 14.8 | 61.6 | 14.7 | 0.038 |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 125.0 | 30.7 | 123.3 | 28.7 | -0.054 | 127.3 | 28.8 | 125.7 | 29.2 | -0.056 |
| AST (U/L) | 22.2 | 11.9 | 21.8 | 8.0 | -0.044 | 22.2 | 8.2 | 22.1 | 7.7 | -0.012 |
| ALT (U/L) | 26.1 | 17.9 | 24.9 | 14.3 | -0.075 | 22.6 | 13.1 | 22.0 | 11.6 | -0.049 |
| γ-GT (U/L) | 41.5 | 40.5 | 40.7 | 43.0 | -0.020 | 46.6 | 54.0 | 46.4 | 50.7 | -0.004 |
| RBC (×104/μL) | 499.1 | 38.2 | 497.8 | 34.8 | -0.035 | 483.2 | 38.5 | 480.6 | 38.7 | -0.067 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 15.3 | 0.9 | 15.3 | 0.9 | -0.024 | 15.0 | 1.0 | 15.0 | 1.0 | -0.049 |
| Ht (%) | 44.7 | 2.6 | 44.6 | 2.5 | -0.014 | 44.0 | 2.7 | 43.9 | 2.7 | -0.050 |
| CRE (mg/dL) | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | -0.043 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | -0.032 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 | 3.5 | 22.6 | 2.9 | -0.080 | 22.6 | 2.8 | 22.3 | 2.5 | -0.099 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 81.1 | 9.1 | 80.4 | 7.8 | -0.079 | 81.6 | 7.9 | 81.0 | 7.2 | -0.075 |
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| Smoking History | 676 | 45.2 | 735 | 49.2 | 0.079 | 716 | 40.9 | 756 | 43.2 | 0.046 |
| Weight Gain ≥10 kg Since Age 20 | 536 | 35.9 | 491 | 32.8 | -0.063 | 641 | 36.7 | 580 | 33.2 | -0.073 |
| Regular Exercise (≥30 min, ≥2×/week, ≥1 year) | 208 | 13.9 | 185 | 12.4 | -0.046 | 313 | 17.9 | 303 | 17.3 | -0.015 |
| Daily Walking/Physical Activity (>1 hour) | 247 | 16.5 | 273 | 18.3 | 0.046 | 365 | 20.9 | 396 | 22.6 | 0.043 |
| Walking Faster Than Peers of the Same Age and Sex | 392 | 26.2 | 356 | 23.8 | -0.056 | 568 | 32.5 | 550 | 31.5 | -0.022 |
| Eating Speed | 0.041 | 0.023 | ||||||||
| Quicker | 613 | 41.0 | 582 | 38.9 | 581 | 33.2 | 553 | 31.6 | ||
| Normal | 800 | 53.5 | 826 | 55.3 | 1018 | 58.2 | 1050 | 60.0 | ||
| Slower | 82 | 5.5 | 87 | 5.8 | 150 | 8.6 | 146 | 8.4 | ||
| Late Supper within 2 Hours of Bedtime (≥3 times/week) | 596 | 39.9 | 557 | 37.3 | -0.054 | 534 | 30.5 | 517 | 29.6 | -0.021 |
| Skipping Breakfast (≥3 times/week) | 402 | 26.9 | 413 | 27.6 | 0.017 | 285 | 16.3 | 291 | 16.6 | 0.009 |
| Alcohol Consumption Frequency | -0.008 | 0.030 | ||||||||
| None or rarely | 473 | 31.6 | 509 | 34.1 | 512 | 29.3 | 518 | 29.6 | ||
| Occasional | 464 | 31.0 | 402 | 26.9 | 429 | 24.5 | 372 | 21.3 | ||
| Every day | 558 | 37.3 | 584 | 39.1 | 808 | 46.2 | 859 | 49.1 | ||
| Adequate Sleep | 542 | 36.3 | 557 | 37.3 | 0.021 | 719 | 41.1 | 716 | 40.9 | -0.003 |
γ-GT: gamma-glutamyltransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index; CRE: creatinine; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; Hb: hemoglobin; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; Ht: hematocrit; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; RBC: red blood cell count; SBP: systolic blood pressure.