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. 2025 Nov 10;26(6):bbaf586. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbaf586

Figure 7.

UMAP and dot plots illustrating the projection and pseudotime trajectories of in vitro–induced germ cells under nutrient restriction and retinoic acid treatment, compared with natural meiotic cells.

Comparing the in vitro induced meiotic cells to mTCA. (a) Projection of germ cells treated with nutrient restriction and retinoic acid (NRRA). Query cells were colored by days after NRRA treatment, and grey dots represent the reference cells of mTCA. (b) Cell labels transferred from mTCA using a 10-NN classifier on reference embeddings. Colored dots, cells collected from the indicated day after NRRA treatment colored by predicted cell labels; grey dots, cells not belonging to the indicated day. (c) The distribution of germ cell stages from different days after NRRA treatment. (d) Dot plot for expression of representative signature genes of indicated cell types. The dot size represents the percentage of cells expressing the indicated genes in each stage and the dot color represents the average expression level of the genes. Spg, spermatogonia; pre L, pre leptotene; L, leptotene; Z, zygotene; and P, pachytene. (e) Pseudotime predicted by ProjectSVR from mTCA. (f, g) Pseudotime analysis of MSCI and gene program activity (leptotene/pachytene) in NRRA-induced versus natural meiosis.