Skip to main content
. 2025 Oct 1;14(4):299–307. doi: 10.7774/cevr.2025.14.e40

Table 1. Comparative analysis of batch and continuous mRNA vaccine manufacturing systems.

Variables Comparison
Productivity & yield Batch < Continuous
Production consistency Batch < Continuous
Reagent during reaction Batch: decrease
Continuous: sustained
Cost efficiency Batch < Continuous
Scalability Batch < Continuous
Byproduct during reaction Batch: increased
Continuous: sustained low level
System complexity Batch < Continuous

mRNA, messenger RNA.