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. 2025 Oct 28;16:1672925. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1672925

Table 2.

Quality assessment was performed via the Cochrane ROB tool 2.0.

No. of study Domain 1 Domain 2 Domain 3 Domain 4 Domain 5
S1 (Baker et al., 2020) Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk
S4 (Ishiguro et al., 2025) Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk

Domain 1: bias arising from the randomization process.

Domain 2: bias due to deviations from intended interventions.

Domain 3: bias due to missing outcome data.

Domain 4: bias in the measurement of the outcome.

Domain 5: bias in the selection of the reported result.