Fig. 1. Contribution of Toll and Imd pathways to the resistance to bacterial and fungal infections. Wild-type (wt), single (spz, Tl and rel) or double mutant (rel,spz and rel,Tl) adult flies were subjected to septic injury using E.coli (A), M.luteus (B), E.faecalis (C) and A.fumigatus (D) or to natural infection using B.bassiana (E). The graphs show the survival rate (%) at specific times after infection (h). All infection experiments were performed at 29°C, except for E.faecalis infection that was conducted at 25°C. Tl-deficient flies were not subjected to E.faecalis infection because they do not display a strong phenotype at 25°C (see Materials and methods). The presence of the ebony mutation in the rel mutant line may explain the slight susceptibility of rel flies after fungal infection (Leulier et al., 2000).