Table 3.
Odds ratios for the effect of change in UPF consumption and baseline UPF consumption on prediabetes/type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance
| OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
UPF% 1
|
UPF% at baseline 2 | |
| All participants (n = 85) | ||
| Prediabetes/T2D | 1.51 (1.04, 2.31) | 1.41 (0.90, 2.26) |
| IFG | 1.21 (0.83, 1.79) | 1.22 (0.71, 2.05) |
| IGT | 2.58 (1.43, 5.85) | 1.31 (0.65, 2.69) |
| Excluding participants with Prediabetes/T2D at baseline (n= 61) | ||
| Prediabetes/T2D | 1.56 (1.00, 2.59) | 1.54 (0.93, 2.64) |
| IFG | 1.24 (0.74, 2.08) | 1.67 (0.86, 3.40) |
| IGT | 2.30 (1.28, 5.01) | 1.42 (0.67, 3.12) |
*All outcomes were measured at the follow-up visit. Effects are scaled by 10 units
1Models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, exercise at follow-up, total energy intake at follow-up, and UPF% at baseline
2Models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, exercise at follow-up, total energy intake at follow-up, and UPF%Δ
**Abbreviations: UPF%: percent of diet from ultra-processed foods; UPF%Δ: change in percent of diet from ultra-processed foods between visits; T2D: type 2 diabetes; IFG: impaired fasting glucose; IGT: impaired glucose tolerance