Skip to main content
. 2025 Oct 2;27:e75630. doi: 10.2196/75630

Table 2. Results of the homogeneity test for clinical variables.

Scale and group Value, mean (SD) Skewness Kurtosis t test (df) P value
EPDSa −0.70 (84) .48

 Control group (n=44)
12.73 (5.30) 0.50 −0.47
 Intervention group (n=42) 12.05 (3.55) −0.27 −0.03
CESD-Rb 0.62 (84) .54

 Control group (n=44)
18.86 (13.38) 0.97 0.82
 Intervention group (n=42) 18.98 (10.89) 0.72 0.39
DASS-21c
 Total score −0.02 (84) .99

  Control group (n=44)
16.32 (12.05) 1.07 0.42
  Intervention group (n=42) 16.29 (6.81) 0.76 0.92
 Anxiety −0.29 (84) .77

  Control group (n=44)
4.07 (3.93) 1.06 0.22
  Intervention group (n=42) 3.86 (2.55) 0.69 0.23
 Depression −0.76 (84) .45

  Control group (n=44)
5.43 (4.50) 1.18 0.83
  Intervention group (n=42) 4.83 (2.56) 0.47 0.12
 Stress 0.90 (84) .37

  Control group (n=44)
6.81 (4.45) 0.70 −0.26
  Intervention group (n=42) 7.60 (3.51) 0.83 0.58
CAMS-Rd 0.43 (84) .67

 Control group (n=44)
23.06 (4.72) 0.25 −0.31
 Intervention group (n=42) 23.52 (5.03) −0.18 −1.34
MHC-SFe 0.37 (84) .71

 Control group (n=44)
26.98 (11.95) 0.84 0.54
 Intervention group (n=42) 27.90 (10.98) 0.21 −0.96
MFASf 0.62 (84) .54

 Control group (n=44)
58.61 (12.82) −0.19 −0.17
 Intervention group (n=42) 60.12 (9.40) −0.06 0.73
PANASg
 Positive affect 0.94 (84) .35

  Control group (n=44)
19.66 (5.27) 0.55 −0.45
  Intervention group (n=42) 20.83 (6.26) −0.06 −1.07
 Negative affect 0.82 (84) .42

  Control group (n=44)
25.07 (9.15) 0.73 −0.55
  Intervention group (n=42) 26.60 (8.16) 0.43 0.22
a

EPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

b

CESD-R: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised.

c

DASS-21: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21.

d

CAMS-R: Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised.

e

MHC-SF: Mental Health Continuum Short Form.

f

MFAS: Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale.

g

PANAS: Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule.