Table 1. The search strategy summary.

Items	Specification
Date of search	01 August 2025
Databases and other sources searched	PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library as primary databases, with Web of Science and Scopus as supplementary sources
Search terms used	(“Neoplasms” OR “cancer” OR “malignancy”) AND (“anticoagulant therapy” OR “low molecular weight heparin” OR “direct oral anticoagulants” OR “unfractionated heparin”) AND (“activated partial thromboplastin time” OR “aPTT” OR “anti-factor Xa” OR “anti-Xa”) AND (“monitoring” OR “dose adjustment” OR “bleeding risk” OR “thrombosis recurrence”)
Timeframe	The timeframe for included studies spanned from January 2010 to August 2025, with data collection periods ranging from January 2008 to December 2023
Inclusion and exclusion criteria	Included publications were restricted to: peer-reviewed original research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines, English-language publications, human studies encompassing RCTs, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional analyses. Case reports were explicitly excluded
Selection process	Study selection was performed independently by two investigators (H.X.L. and L.H.S.), both trained in systematic review methodology. First, titles/abstracts were screened against predefined eligibility criteria. Second, full texts of potentially relevant studies were assessed. Disagreements were resolved through discussion or, if necessary, by consulting a third senior researcher (X.F.Z.). The consensus rate between reviewers was calculated using Cohen’s κ statistic

anti-Xa, anti-factor Xa; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; RCTs, randomized controlled trials.