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. 2025 Nov 11;15:39496. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-22986-0

Table 13.

Performance analysis of different optimization techniques on PTBDB dataset.

Optimization Model Accuracy Precision TPR TNR FPR FNR F1-Score AUC MCC Cohen’s Kappa MAE MSE RMSE
Adagrad CNN 80.28 83.76 75.11 85.44 14.56 24.89 79.20 86.02 60.88 60.55 31.12 14.93 38.64
DNN 78.44 83.66 70.68 86.20 13.80 29.32 76.63 85.93 57.58 56.89 31.37 15.06 38.81
Adam CNN 99.43 99.57 99.29 99.57 0.43 0.71 99.43 99.98 98.86 98.86 0.92 0.43 6.56
DNN 96.17 96.63 95.67 96.67 3.33 4.33 96.15 99.27 92.34 92.34 6.03 2.96 17.19
Adamax CNN 98.22 98.70 97.72 98.72 1.28 2.28 98.21 99.77 96.44 96.43 4.37 1.54 12.40
DNN 95.74 96.79 94.62 96.86 3.14 5.38 95.69 99.10 91.51 91.48 7.08 3.28 18.12
RMSprop CNN 98.95 99.38 98.52 99.38 0.62 1.48 98.95 99.89 97.91 97.91 1.71 0.82 9.06
DNN 96.07 96.90 95.19 96.96 3.04 4.81 96.04 99.21 92.16 92.15 6.43 3.00 17.31