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. 2025 Mar 21;22(6):703–720. doi: 10.2174/0115701794374153250307065611

Scheme 39.

Scheme 39

Multi-component one-pot synthesis of 1,4 dihydropyridines using Copper oxide (CuO) functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and Rhodamine B (RL) on Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanocomposite catalyst.