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. 2025 Oct 31;17(21):3512. doi: 10.3390/cancers17213512
2D/3D two-dimensional/three-dimensional
E2 17β-estradiol
ECM extracellular matrix
EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
EMT epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
ERα/ERβ estrogen receptor alpha/estrogen receptor beta
GFs growth factors
HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
IGF-IR insulin-like growth factor receptor
JAMs junctional adhesion molecules
miRNAs microRNAs
MMPs matrix metalloproteinases
nTPM number of transcripts per million
OS overall survival
PGs proteoglycans
PR progesterone receptor
RTKs receptor tyrosine kinases
SDCs syndecans
SEM scanning electron microscopy
TME tumor microenvironment
TNBC triple-negative breast cancer