| FA | formic acid |
| GSH | reduced glutathione |
| GSSG | oxidized glutathione |
| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HPLC-UV | high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection |
| KOH | potassium hydroxide |
| LC-MS | liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry |
| MeOH | methanol |
| NADPH | reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NADP | oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NADH | reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| NAD | oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |