| BCAA | branched-chain amino acids |
| BDNF | brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
| CAREDS2 | Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 |
| CI | confidence interval |
| CNTGS | Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study |
| ET-1 | endothelin-1 |
| GCL | ganglion cell layer |
| HR | hazard ratio |
| IOP | intraocular pressure |
| MeSH | Medical Subject Headings |
| MIND | Mediterranean–DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay |
| MPOD | macular pigment optical density |
| MVRR | multivariable-adjusted relative risk |
| NHANES | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| NTG | normal-tension glaucoma |
| OCT | optical coherence tomography |
| OCTA | optical coherence tomography angiography |
| OR | odds ratio |
| OSA | obstructive sleep apnea |
| POAG | primary open-angle glaucoma |
| RGC | retinal ganglion cell |
| RNFL | retinal nerve fiber layer |
| XFG | exfoliation glaucoma |
| XFS | exfoliation syndrome |