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. 2025 Nov 2;14(21):3761. doi: 10.3390/foods14213761
LAB Lactic acid bacteria
MEH Medicinal and edible homologous
E-tongue Electronic tongue
E-nose Electronic nose
HS-SPME-GC-MS Headspace solid-phase microextraction–mass spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
TPC Total phenol content
TFC Total flavonoid content
HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography
FRAP Ferric reducing antioxidant power
PCA Principal component analysis
OAV Odor activity value