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. 2025 Oct 31;26(21):10636. doi: 10.3390/ijms262110636
3D three-dimensional
AgNPs silver nanoparticles
bFGF fibroblast growth factor basic
BJ normal human foreskin fibroblasts
EC ethyl cellulose
ECM extracellular matrix
EGF epidermal growth factor
FGF2 fibroblast growth factor 2
GAG glycosaminoglycan
HaCaT human adult low calcium high temperature keratinocytes
HAMSCs human amnion-derived mesenchymal stromal cells
HDF human dermal fibroblasts
HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells
MMPs matrix metalloproteinases
NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line
PCL polycaprolactone
PLA poly(lactic acid)
PMSCs placental mesenchymal stromal cells.
POSAS Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale
PRP platelet-rich plasma
RCTs randomized controlled trials
STSG split-thickness skin graft
TC tropocollagen
TGF-β transforming growth factor beta
TIMPs tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases
VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor