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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Nov 13.
Published before final editing as: J Lat Psychol. 2025 Nov 6:10.1037/lat0000308. doi: 10.1037/lat0000308

Table 2.

Main Variable t-tests for U.S.-Born and Foreign-Born Mothers

U.S. Born Foreign-born
M SD M SD t-test p df Cohen’s d
Depressive
Symptoms 12 Mo PP		 5.30 4.8 5.53 4.21 −.47 .64 418 4.39
Depressive
Symptoms 18 Mo PP		 9.51 3.47 8.84 3.37 1.55 .12 323 3.40
Perceived Stress
12 Mo PP		 13.14 6.33 14.46 6.04 −1.96 .05* 417 6.12
Perceived Stress
18 Mo PP		 12.76 6.47 12.82 6.06 −.08 .94 323 6.17
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