| ACOG | American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists |
| hCG | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin |
| INPer | Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes |
| PAS | Placenta accreta spectrum |
| HMGB 1 | High Mobility Group Box 1 |
| TNF-α | Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha |
| HSPs | Heat Shock Proteins |
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