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. 2025 Oct 29;14(21):3685. doi: 10.3390/foods14213685
ABTS•+ 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical
AO Acridine orange
AO/EB Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide staining
ANOVA One-way analysis of variance
DCFH-DA 2′,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate
DAD Diode array detector
DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
DMEM Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
EB Ethidium bromide
FBS Fetal bovine serum
FRAP Ferric reducing antioxidant power
GA Gallic acid
GI Geographical indication
HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1
HT-29 Human colon adenocarcinoma cells
IC50 Half-maximal inhibitory concentration
IκBα Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B alpha
IL-1β Interleukin-1β
IL-6 Interleukin-6
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MTT 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-B cells
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
ORAC Oxygen radical absorbance capacity
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
PCR Polymerase chain reaction
PF Perilla frutescens
PSE Perilla frutescens seed extract
Q Quercetin
RAW 264.7 Murine macrophage cells
SD Standard deviation
SH-SY5Y Human neuroblastoma cell line
TC Tocopherol
TFC Total flavonoid content
TPC Total phenolic content
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Trolox 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid