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. 2025 Oct 29;17(21):2887. doi: 10.3390/polym17212887
ANN Artificial Neural Network
CFE Crush force efficiency
CFRP Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer
DTR Decision tree regressor
EA Energy absorption
EN Elastic nets
HP Hyperparameters
LAR Lasso regressor
LR Linear regressor
MAPE Mean absolute percentage error
ML Machine learning
MLP Multi-layer perceptron
NSGA-II Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II
Pip Initial peak force
Pm Mean crushing force
PUF Polyurethane foam
ReLU Rectified Linear Unit
RL Reinforcement learning
RMSE Root mean squared error
RNN Recurrent Neural Networks
RR Ridge regressor
RSS Residual sum of squares
SEA Specific absorbed energy
Vf Fiber volume fraction