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. 2025 Oct 31;16:1642927. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1642927

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Copyright © 2025 Kaur, Kumar, Bhatia, Choudhary, Kaur, Chandrasekaran, Abu Dayyih, Maaita and Hourani.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Diagram illustrating the Hippo pathway. On the left, when the pathway is on, phosphorylated SAV1 and MST1/2 activate MOB1 and LATS1/2, leading to phosphorylation and degradation of YAP1/TAZ. On the right, when the pathway is off, there is no phosphorylation, allowing YAP1/TAZ to translocate to the nucleus and activate genes for growth factors, cell proliferation, and cell growth. — Schematic representation of Hippo on and Hippo off pathways.