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. 2025 Nov 13;15:39873. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-23748-8

Table 6.

Values and ranges of parameters and variables.

Parameter or variable Value
Sizing Parameters Initial coefficient of the number of fuel cell stacks (K-FC) 1
Initial Coefficient for the Number of Battery Modules (K-BA) 1
Initial coefficient for the electric motor (K-EM) 1
fuel cell stacks coefficient range [0.46, 1.4]
Electric motor tourqe coefficient range [0.5, 1.5]
Battery capacity coefficient range [0.7, 1.5]
NSGA-II Parameters Population size 10
Generation 5
Mutation Rate 0.1
Crossover Rate 0.9

RL

Parameters

Training Episodes 15
Steps per Episode 5
Network hidden layer size 128
Batch Size 64
Buffer Size 10,000
Discount factor 0.99
Learning rate 1e-3