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. 2025 Oct 31;10:1651055. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2025.1651055

Figure 4.

Two radial diagrams labeled A and B illustrate word associations with "Putin" and "Zelensky" at the center, respectively. Diagram A features words like "Russia," "Nuclear," and "Berlusconi" linked to "Putin." Diagram B includes words such as "Negotiation," "War," and "Biden" associated with "Zelensky." Red dashed lines connect each central name to its related words.

Word associations—(A) Putin and (B) Zelensky (overall corpus). In (A), the Italian words: Morire, Occidente, Tregua, Perdita, errore, Guerra, Operazione, Atomico, Pace, Discutere, Nucleare, Cremlino, Nazista, Russia can be translated as follows: Die, West, Truce, Loss, Mistake, War, Operation, Atomic, Peace, Discuss, Nuclear, Kremlin, Nazi, Russia. In (B), the Italian words Buio, Raid, Offensiva, Giorni, Attacco, Capo, Uccidere, Telefonata, Guerra, Negoziato, Trattative can be translated as follows: Dark, Raid, Offensive, Days, Attack, Boss, Kill, Phone Call, War, Negotiation, Negotiations.