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. 2025 Oct 31;12:1644753. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1644753

Table 4.

Direct, indirect and total effect of the sugar-free label on tastiness.

Effect type Variable Effect estimate Std. Err. Lower CI Upper CI p-value
Direct Sugar-free label −0.034 0.037 −0.114 0.035 0.358
Indirect Sugar-free label −0.224 0.030 −0.281 −0.162 <0.001
Total Sugar-free label −0.258 0.036 −0.333 −0.189 <0.001
Mediators Healthiness 0.095 0.018 0.064 0.132 <0.001
Sweetness −0.072 0.024 −0.127 −0.030 0.003
Familiarity −0.271 0.022 −0.314 −0.228 <0.001

All effects are unstandardized (for standardized effects see Supplemental materials).