Skip to main content
. 2025 Nov 14;15:40047. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-24530-6

Table 5.

Effects of N application on water use efficiency (WUE).

Treatment Soil water storage
at sowing stage
(mm)
Rainfall in
growth period
(mm)
Irrigation amount
(mm)
Soil water
storage at maturity
(mm)
Water consumption
Amount in growth period
(mm)
Water use efficiency
(kg ha–1 mm–1)
2020–2021 N0 441.30 205.00 60.00 311.49 394.81 c 18.65 c
N90 288.86 417.44 b 20.95 b
N180 291.20 415.10 b 22.75 a
N210 282.78 423.52 b 22.74 a
N240 234.31 471.98 a 22.94 a
N270 280.97 425.33 b 23.26 a
N300 308.32 397.98 c 18.71 c
2021–2022 N0 327.70 378.60 c 19.23 d
N90 291.40 414.90 ab 20.66 c
N180 284.44 421.85 a 21.16 c
N210 279.49 426.81 a 22.42 b
N240 298.62 407.68 b 23.06 a
N270 328.00 378.30 c 23.07 a
N300 331.74 374.56 c 18.88 d
F-value
 Year (Y) ns ns ns * * *
 Nitrogen (N) ns ns ns ** ** **
 Y × N ns ns ns ns * ns

Different normal letters after the same column of numbers indicate that different sowing rates have significant differences at the level of 0.05 (LSD test). Different capital letters after the same column of numbers indicate that different years have significant differences at the level of 0.05 (LSD test). *Significant at the 0.05 probability level. **Significant at the 0.01 probability level.