Table 3. The activation energy (Ea) values and reaction conditions for cinnamaldehyde hydrolysis in the presence of different catalyst systems.
| Catalysts | E a (kJ mol−1) | Yield of BA (%) | Recycle time, yield of BA change | Reaction conditions | Catalyst type | Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catalyst loading | T (K) | P (atm) | Time (h) | ||||||
| 0.25 Li/MgO | 22.73 | 40.65 | 4, essentially unchanged | 0.006 (g mL−1) | 343 | 1 | 3 | Heterogeneous catalyst | This study |
| [N1111][Pro] | 38.3 | 94 | 4, essentially unchanged | 5 (wt%) | 333 | 1 | 1 | Homogeneous catalyst | 15 |
| 2-HPβ-CD/NaOH | 41.72 | 70 | Without recycle | CA : 2-HPβ-CD = 1 : 1 (molar ratio), 2% NaOH (w/v) | 323 | 1 | 6 | Homogeneous catalyst | 17 |
| Al–Mg hydrotalcite | 41.84 | 70 | 3, essentially unchanged | 0.005 (g mL−1) | 403 | — | 4 | Heterogeneous catalyst | 14 |
| β-CD/NaOH | 45.27 | 42 | 3, essentially unchanged | CA : β-CD = 1 : 1 (molar ratio), 2% NaOH (w/v) | 323 | 1 | 18 | Homogeneous catalyst | 34 |
| Zn-HT-glycine | 80.12 | 75.8 | 3, essentially unchanged | 0.005 (g mL−1) | 403 | 1 | 4 | Heterogeneous catalyst | 6 |