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. 2025 Nov 4;13:1672415. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1672415

Table 5.

Comparison of TEV scores between weekly and monthly feedback groups across multiple time points.

Time point Weekly feedback group (n = 15) Monthly feedback group (n = 15) t-value p-value Hedges’ g (95% CI)
Baseline 50.67 ± 31.95 47.47 ± 34.17 0.27 0.793 0.09 (−0.60, 0.79)
Week 1 64.27 ± 29.63 57.47 ± 28.47 0.64 0.527 0.23 (−0.47, 0.93)
Week 2 74.67 ± 17.67 54.53 ± 23.81 2.63 0.014 * 0.93 (0.19, 1.66)
Week 3 68.00 ± 16.77 51.20 ± 19.22 2.55 0.017 * 0.91 (0.16, 1.60)
Week 4 67.20 ± 16.37 54.47 ± 19.23 1.95 0.061 0.69 (−0.31, 1.41)
Week 5 82.07 ± 16.38 67.07 ± 17.77 2.61 0.014 * 0.93 (0.18, 1.66)
Week 6 76.80 ± 14.36 66.67 ± 17.93 1.71 0.099 0.61 (−0.11, 1.32)
Week 7 81.53 ± 15.43 64.47 ± 18.65 2.73 0.011 * 0.97 (0.22, 1.70)
Week 8 84.40 ± 13.27 71.60 ± 14.42 2.53 0.017 * 0.90 (0.16, 1.63)
F value 6.059 4.017
p-value p = 0.014* p < 0.042*
η 2 0.874 0.821
Between-group F = 4.262, p = 0.048*, η2 = 0.132
Within-group F = 9.658, p < 0.001***, η2 = 0.786
Group × time F = 2.959, p = 0.022*, η2 = 0.530

Data are presented as mean ± SD. Between-group comparisons at each time point were analyzed using independent-samples t-tests. Longitudinal effects were examined by repeated-measures ANOVA (Greenhouse–Geisser corrected), with between-group, within-group, and interaction effects reported. Effect sizes are presented as Hedges’ g (for t-tests) with 95% CI or η2 (for ANOVA). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001. Bold values indicate a statistically significant difference between the two cue groups at the current time point.