Table 4.

Multivariable linear regression: adjusted relationship of nonadherence (CMG indices) and changes in clinical outcomes between the last and first outcome available

Change in HbA1c model* (adjusted R2 = 49%) (n = 257)				Change in LDL model* (adjusted R2 = 43%) (n = 215)				Change in SBP model* (adjusted R2 = 43%) (n = 310)
Predictor	β	SE (β)	P	Predictor	β	SE (β)	P	Predictor	β	SE (β)	P
Intercept	7.837	1.251	0.000	Intercept	−2.158	24.529	0.930	Intercept	84.979	12.440	0.000
CMG for metformin† (%)	0.015	0.005	0.006	CMG for statins (%)	0.317	0.110	0.004	CMG for ACE inhibitors (%)	−0.005	0.053	0.926
Age	−0.041	0.011	0.000	Age	0.245	0.210	0.244	Age	0.135	0.090	0.135
African American vs. Caucasian	−0.003	0.207	0.987	African American vs. Caucasian	8.273	4.425	0.063	African American vs. Caucasian	−4.946	1.770	0.006
Men vs. women	0.146	0.203	0.474	Men vs. women	−1.162	4.032	0.773	Men vs. women	−3.130	1.728	0.071
BMI	−0.011	0.016	0.485	BMI	0.353	0.343	0.304	BMI	0.071	0.126	0.573
First HbA1c	−0.795	0.050	0.000	First LDL	−0.578	0.050	0.000	First SBP	−0.652	0.048	0.000
Total number of anti- diabetic drugs	0.299	0.150	0.047	Total number of lipid- lowering drugs	10.935	5.172	0.036	Total number of anti- hypertensive drugs	0.089	0.753	0.906
Number of HbA1c tests	0.029	0.040	0.471	Number of LDL tests	0.180	0.902	0.842	Number of SBP measurements	−2.140	1.308	0.103

^*A positive parameter estimate indicates the outcome worsened (increased) with increments in independent variable.

^†CMG indicates the proportion of days with gaps in medication refills over the days in the observation period.