Table 3.

Subgroup Analysis Results

Variable	Group Data Size	Effect Size (SMD)	95% Confidence Interval	Subgroup p-value	Interaction p-value
Exposure duration
less than 5 min	5	0.70	0.03, 1.38	0.040	0.319
5–9.9 min	19	0.71	0.49, 0.92	<0.001
10–15 min	11	1.11	0.72, 1.51	<0.001
more than 15 min	2	0.67	0.21, 1.12	0.004
Age groups
under 20 years old	3	1.06	0.26, 1.85	0.009	0.004
20–24.99 years old	18	0.93	0.67, 1.18	<0.001
25–30 years old	6	1.07	0.27, 1.87	0.009
over 30 years old	10	0.46	0.35, 0.58	<0.001
Exposure environments
Virtual	12	0.81	0.46, 1.16	<0.001	0.937
Real	25	0.83	0.62, 1.04	<0.001