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. 2025 Nov 19;15:40898. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-24783-1

Table 2.

Cross-validated performance of the models (5-fold stratified CV).

Model Accuracy Precision Recall F1- score Macro PR-AUC
Random Forest 92.6% 92% 92.6% 91.9% 0.79
CNN 93.1% 91.8% 93.1% 91.8% 0.80
CNN-BiLSTM 95.1% 94.9% 95.1% 94.7% 0.88