Table 5.
Time-to-onset distribution of the Top 100 drugs associated with drug-induced headache by ATC category in total complete cases.
| ATC Category | No. of drugs | Total complete caseS | ≤ 7 days | 8-28 days | 29-60 days | 61–90 days | >90 days |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A10 DRUGS USED IN DIABETES | 3 | 1,077 | 695 (64.5%) | 132 (12.3%) | 65 (6%) | 25 (2.3%) | 160 (14.9%) |
| B01 ANTITHROMBOTIC AGENTS | 5 | 4,396 | 1,125 (25.6%) | 670 (15.2%) | 337 (7.7%) | 200 (4.5%) | 2,064 (47%) |
| B06 OTHER HEMATOLOGICAL AGENTS | 3 | 661 | 218 (33%) | 125 (18.9%) | 43 (6.5%) | 44 (6.7%) | 231 (34.9%) |
| C02 ANTIHYPERTENSIVES | 3 | 2,002 | 398 (19.9%) | 264 (13.2%) | 179 (8.9%) | 91 (4.5%) | 1,070 (53.4%) |
| C08 CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS | 1 | 436 | 255 (58.5%) | 59 (13.5%) | 25 (5.7%) | 9 (2.1%) | 88 (20.2%) |
| C09 AGENTS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM | 1 | 272 | 115 (42.3%) | 50 (18.4%) | 20 (7.4%) | 12 (4.4%) | 75 (27.6%) |
| C10 LIPID MODIFYING AGENTS | 1 | 420 | 219 (52.1%) | 67 (16%) | 22 (5.2%) | 24 (5.7%) | 88 (21%) |
| D10 ANTI-ACNE PREPARATIONS | 1 | 206 | 67 (32.5%) | 35 (17%) | 25 (12.1%) | 19 (9.2%) | 60 (29.1%) |
| D11 OTHER DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS | 2 | 1,944 | 756 (38.9%) | 251 (12.9%) | 141 (7.3%) | 94 (4.8%) | 702 (36.1%) |
| G03 SEX HORMONES AND MODULATORS OF THE GENITAL SYSTEM | 3 | 1,493 | 910 (61%) | 131 (8.8%) | 66 (4.4%) | 25 (1.7%) | 361 (24.2%) |
| G04 UROLOGICALS | 1 | 381 | 131 (34.4%) | 48 (12.6%) | 37 (9.7%) | 20 (5.2%) | 145 (38.1%) |
| H01 PITUITARY AND HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES AND ANALOGUES | 2 | 1,043 | 300 (28.8%) | 96 (9.2%) | 53 (5.1%) | 51 (4.9%) | 543 (52.1%) |
| H03 THYROID THERAPY | 1 | 445 | 196 (44%) | 85 (19.1%) | 64 (14.4%) | 20 (4.5%) | 80 (18%) |
| H05 CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS | 1 | 1,284 | 893 (69.5%) | 182 (14.2%) | 62 (4.8%) | 32 (2.5%) | 115 (9%) |
| J01 ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE | 1 | 407 | 283 (69.5%) | 60 (14.7%) | 17 (4.2%) | 10 (2.5%) | 37 (9.1%) |
| J05 ANTIVIRALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE | 4 | 3,498 | 1,490 (42.6%) | 1,187 (33.9%) | 307 (8.8%) | 54 (1.5%) | 460 (13.2%) |
| J06 IMMUNE SERA AND IMMUNOGLOBULINS | 1 | 2,104 | 1,030 (49%) | 166 (7.9%) | 103 (4.9%) | 72 (3.4%) | 733 (34.8%) |
| L01 ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS | 12 | 5,256 | 1,671 (31.8%) | 1,139 (21.7%) | 526 (10%) | 269 (5.1%) | 1,651 (31.4%) |
| L02 ENDOCRINE THERAPY | 1 | 241 | 75 (31.1%) | 43 (17.8%) | 21 (8.7%) | 13 (5.4%) | 89 (36.9%) |
| L03 IMMUNOSTIMULANTS | 1 | 365 | 82 (22.5%) | 30 (8.2%) | 14 (3.8%) | 11 (3%) | 228 (62.5%) |
| L04 IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS | 28 | 24,017 | 9,841 (41%) | 2,676 (11.1%) | 1,563 (6.5%) | 869 (3.6%) | 9,068 (37.8%) |
| M01 ANTIINFLAMMATORY AND ANTIRHEUMATIC PRODUCTS | 1 | 411 | 296 (72%) | 22 (5.4%) | 23 (5.6%) | 14 (3.4%) | 56 (13.6%) |
| M03 MUSCLE RELAXANTS | 1 | 622 | 416 (66.9%) | 62 (10%) | 16 (2.6%) | 8 (1.3%) | 120 (19.3%) |
| M05 DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF BONE DISEASES | 2 | 617 | 436 (70.7%) | 30 (4.9%) | 21 (3.4%) | 11 (1.8%) | 119 (19.3%) |
| N01 ANESTHETICS | 1 | 323 | 96 (29.7%) | 43 (13.3%) | 13 (4%) | 7 (2.2%) | 164 (50.8%) |
| N02 ANALGESICS | 7 | 2,125 | 1,423 (67%) | 178 (8.4%) | 104 (4.9%) | 69 (3.2%) | 351 (16.5%) |
| N03 ANTIEPILEPTICS | 1 | 102 | 47 (46.1%) | 22 (21.6%) | 4 (3.9%) | 6 (5.9%) | 23 (22.5%) |
| N05 PSYCHOLEPTICS | 1 | 210 | 126 (60%) | 22 (10.5%) | 20 (9.5%) | 7 (3.3%) | 35 (16.7%) |
| N06 PSYCHOANALEPTICS | 1 | 522 | 414 (79.3%) | 50 (9.6%) | 24 (4.6%) | 6 (1.1%) | 28 (5.4%) |
| N07 OTHER NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS | 2 | 597 | 290 (48.6%) | 68 (11.4%) | 49 (8.2%) | 20 (3.4%) | 170 (28.5%) |
| R03 DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES | 4 | 2,344 | 850 (36.3%) | 210 (9%) | 174 (7.4%) | 78 (3.3%) | 1,032 (44%) |
| R06 ANTIHISTAMINES FOR SYSTEMIC USE | 1 | 302 | 209 (69.2%) | 18 (6%) | 2 (0.7%) | 2 (0.7%) | 71 (23.5%) |
| R07 OTHER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PRODUCTS | 1 | 345 | 149 (43.2%) | 42 (12.2%) | 16 (4.6%) | 5 (1.4%) | 133 (38.6%) |