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. 2025 Nov 20;15:41101. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-24942-4

Table 1.

Information on the examined meteorological variables from the CMA observations and ERA5-Land reanalysis.

Meteorological variable (abbreviation) Description Unit
CMA
Precipitation (P) The total amount of precipitation accumulated over a day 0.1 mm
Wind speed (W) Mean wind speed of a day at a height of 10 m above the Earth’s surface 0.1 m/s
Mean air temperature (T) The mean air temperature of a day 0.1 ℃
Maximum air temperature (Tmax) The maximum air temperature of a day 0.1 ℃
Minimum air temperature (Tmin) The minimum air temperature of a day 0.1 ℃
Total surface solar radiation (R) Cumulative component of total radiation irradiance per unit area over a given period 0.01 MJ/m2
ERA5-Land
Total precipitation (P) Accumulated liquid and frozen water, including rain and snow, that falls to the Earth’s surface m
10 m u-component of wind (Wu) The horizontal speed of air moving towards East, at a height of ten meters above the Earth’s surface m/s
10 m v-component of wind (Wv) The horizontal speed of air moving towards North, at a height of ten meters above the Earth’s surface m/s
2 m temperature (T) Air temperature at 2 m above the Earth’s surface K
Surface solar radiation downwards (R) The amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface comprises direct and diffuse solar radiation J/m2