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. 2025 Sep 15;14:749. Originally published 2025 Jul 30. [Version 2] doi: 10.12688/f1000research.165056.2

Table 3. Association between common mental health problems and demographic characteristics of the participants.

Low stress Moderate stress High stress p-value
Age
18-30 8 (36.4%) 130 (32.5%) 6 (75.0%)
31-60 13 (59.1%) 250 (62.5%) 2 (25.0%) 0.1
More than 61 1 (4.5%) 20 (5.0 %) 0 (0.0%)
Gender
Male 14 (63.6%) 222 (55.5%) 5 (62.5%) 0.7
Female 8 (36.4%) 178 (44.5%) 3 (37.5%)
Educational status
Less than PUC 7 (31.8%) 236 (59.0%) 1 (12.5%)
Degree and above 15 (68.2%) 164 (41.0%) 7 (87.5%) 0.001 *
Employment status
Employed 17 (77.3%) 275 (68.8%) 5 (62.5%)
Unemployed 2 (9.1%) 97 (24.2%) 1 (12.5%) 0.1
Student 2 (9.1%) 22 (5.5%) 2 (25.0%)
Retired 1 (4.5%) 6 (1.5%) 0 (0.0%)
Area of residence
Rural 16 (72.7%) 226 (56.5%) 4 (50.0%) 0.3
Urban 6 (27.3%) 174 (43.5%) 4 (50.0%)
Minimal depression Mild depression Moderate depression Moderately severe depression Severe depression p-value
Age
18-30 58 (32.6%) 23 (33.8%) 42 (35.0%) 21 (34.4%) 0 (0.0%)
31-60 113 (63.5%) 42 (61.8%) 69 (57.5%) 38 (62.3%) 3 (100.0%) 0.7
More than 61 7 (3.9%) 3 (4.4%) 9 (7.5%) 2 (3.3%) 0 (0.0%)
Gender
Male 98 (55.1%) 42 (61.8%) 72 (60.0%) 27 (44.3%) 2 (66.7%) 0.2
Female 80 (44.9%) 26 (38.2%) 48 (40.0%) 34 (55.7%) 1 (33.3%)
Educational status
Less than PUC 115 (64.6%) 35 (51.5%) 61 (50.8%) 31 (50.8%) 2 (66.7%)
Degree and above 63 (35.4%) 33 (48.5%) 59 (49.2%) 30 (49.2%) 1 (33.3%) 0.3
Employment status
Employed 120 (67.4%) 51 (75.0%) 81 (67.5%) 43 (70.5%) 2 (66.7%)
Unemployed 44 (24.7%) 14 (20.6%) 24 (20.0%) 17 (27.9%) 1 (33.3%)
Student 12 (6.7%) 3 (4.4%) 10 (8.3%) 1 (1.6%) 0 (0.0%) 0.3
Retired 2 (1.1%) 0 (0.0%) 5 (4.2%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%)
Area of residence
Rural 107 (60.1%) 43 (63.2%) 63 (52.5%) 31 (50.8%) 2 (66.7%) 0.4
Urban 71 (39.9%) 25 (36.8%) 57 (47.5%) 30 (49.2%) 1 (33.3%)
*

Statistical significance at p < 0.05.