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. 2025 Nov 21;20(1):104. doi: 10.5334/gh.1493

Figure 5.

Retinal thickness differences between CVD patients and healthy controls. Box plots Box plots illustrate differences in retinal thickness among healthy controls (HC) and patients with six CVD conditions: CHD, HF, MI, stroke, CA, and AF. (A) RNFL thickness; (B) GC–IPL thickness; (C) INL thickness; (D) OP–ONL thickness; (E) PR–IS/OS thickness; (F) RPE thickness; (G) Outer retina thickness; (H) Inner retina thickness. Across multiple retinal layers, patients with CVDs exhibit altered thickness profiles compared with healthy controls, with notable thinning observed in structural layers such as the RNFL, GC–IPL, and RPE

Retinal thickness differences between CVD patients and healthy controls. Box plots Box plots illustrate differences in retinal thickness among healthy controls (HC) and patients with six CVD conditions: CHD, HF, MI, stroke, CA, and AF. (A) RNFL thickness; (B) GC–IPL thickness; (C) INL thickness; (D) OP–ONL thickness; (E) PR–IS/OS thickness; (F) RPE thickness; (G) Outer retina thickness; (H) Inner retina thickness. Across multiple retinal layers, patients with CVDs exhibit altered thickness profiles compared with healthy controls, with notable thinning observed in structural layers such as the RNFL, GC–IPL, and RPE.