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. 2025 Nov 21;20(1):104. doi: 10.5334/gh.1493

Figure 6.

Nonlinear relationships between serum cholesterol and retinal layer thickness. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to explore the dose–response relationship between TC levels and the thickness of four retinal layers. (A) RNFL thickness; (B) RPE thickness; (C) GC–IPL thickness; (D) Inner retina thickness. Red curves represent the fitted nonlinear associations, and blue dashed lines denote 95% confidence intervals. The results reveal inverse or nonlinear patterns linking higher cholesterol levels with retinal neurodegeneration across multiple retinal layers

Nonlinear relationships between serum cholesterol and retinal layer thickness. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to explore the dose–response relationship between TC levels and the thickness of four retinal layers. (A) RNFL thickness; (B) RPE thickness; (C) GC–IPL thickness; (D) Inner retina thickness. Red curves represent the fitted nonlinear associations, and blue dashed lines denote 95% confidence intervals. The results reveal inverse or nonlinear patterns linking higher cholesterol levels with retinal neurodegeneration across multiple retinal layers.