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. 2025 Nov 21;15:41255. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-25143-9

Table 8.

Comprehensive algorithm performance comparison with full Metrics.

Algorithm name Accuracy rate Precision Recall F1 Score Response time Computational complexity Memory usage Stability index Applicable scenarios
Proposed AI-driven Method 94.7% 93.2% 95.1% 94.1% 78.3 ms O(n log n) 3.2 GB 0.96 Multi-modal Real-time
Genetic Algorithm 87.2% 85.8% 88.3% 87.0% 156.8 ms O(n²) 2.8 GB 0.84 Static Optimization
Rule-based System 79.5% 81.2% 76.9% 79.0% 45.2 ms O(n) 1.4 GB 0.92 Simple Scenarios
Conventional Neural Network 85.9% 84.5% 87.1% 85.8% 134.5 ms O(n² log n) 4.1 GB 0.78 Single-modal Data

Note: Metrics calculated over 500 standardized test scenarios spanning diverse conditions (crowd densities 50–800 persons/hectare, weather conditions clear/rain/fog, times 6 AM-11 PM). Accuracy rate measures correct design intervention classification. Stability index quantifies performance consistency under varying loads (0 = unstable, 1 = perfectly stable).