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. 2025 Nov 7;4:e69006. doi: 10.2196/69006

Table 4.

Comparison of reviewed health care chatbot evaluation frameworks and the Health Care AI Chatbot Evaluation Framework (HAICEF).

Construct Framework references

[12] [16] [14] [21] [18] [13] [15] [17] [20] [22] [19] HAICEF
Safety, privacy, and fairness

Safety      
Security



Resilience









Fairness and bias management            
Trustworthiness and usefulness

Privacy    
Accountability







Transparency







Explainability and interpretability







Beneficence







Validity


Reliability






Generalizability                  
Design and operational effectiveness

Testability






Accessibility






Cost effectiveness







Personalized engagement