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. 2025 Nov 21;25:4075. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-25131-8

Table 1.

Shows percentage of non-institution delivery by their individual-level characteristics

Variables Weighted sample
N = 9630 (%)
Facility delivery
(%)
Home delivery
(%)
P-value
Deliveries
Home 7179 (75.3)
Facility 2451(24.7)
Individual variables
Age at last birth < 0.001
 <=19 1310 (13.7) 81.7 18.3
 20–29 5095 (53.3) 77.5 22.5
 30–39 2707 (17.7) 70.2 29.8
 40+ 518 (5.3) 63.7 36.3
Marital Status < 0.001
 Single 552 (5.8) 86.5 13.5
 Married 4099 (40.5) 74.3 25.7
 Living together 3807 (40.8) 75.4 24.6
 Previous married 1172 (12.9) 73.4 26.6
Household Head 0.073
 Male 7038 (73.1) 74.8 25.2
 Female 2592 (26.9) 76.8 23.2
Parity < 0.001
 1 1891 (20.1) 86.9 13.1
 2 1734 (18.5) 80.7 19.3
 3 1474 (15.5) 79.0 21.0
 4+ 4531(45.9) 66.8 33.2
Household Size < 0.001
 1–4 3123 (33.4) 79.6 20.4
 5–9 5486 (56.4) 72.8 27.2
 10+ 1021 (10.2) 75.0 25.0
Level of Education < 0.001
 No education 1215 (10.5) 63.5 36.5
 Primary 5888 (60.0) 70.0 30.0
 Secondary or Higher 2527 (29.5) 90.3 9.7
Wealth Index < 0.001
 Poor 4512 (41.3) 65.6 34.4
 Middle 1780 (18.9) 71.9 28.1
 Rich 3338 (39.8) 87.0 13.0
Religion < 0.001
 Anglican 3048 (31.2) 74.0 26.0
 Catholic 4000 (39.5) 71.0 25.9
 Muslim 1099 (13.7) 83.1 16.9
 Other’s 1483 (15.6) 74.1 25.9
Employment Status < 0.001
 Unemployed 1911 (21.0) 79.7 20.3
 Employed 7719 (79.0) 74.1 25.9
Pregnancy wontedness < 0.001
 Wanted then 5366 (55.3) 77.0 23.0
 Wanted later 3202 (33.7) 75.5 24.5
 Wanted no more 1059 (11.0) 66.1 33.9
Number of ANC visits < 0.001
 1–3 3665 (38.6) 67.6 32.4
 4+ 5751 (61.4) 81.2 18.8
Quality of ANC content < 0.001
 Low 7171 (73.8) 71.0 29.0
 High 2459 (26.2) 87.3 12.7
Community variables
Place of Residence < 0.001
 Urban 1994 (23.4) 88.8 11.2
 Rural 7636 (76.6) 71.2 28.8
Region of residence < 0.001
 Central 1875 (27.3) 81.8 18.2
 Eastern 2538 (26.7) 71.7 28.3
 Northern 2560 (20.6) 78.1 21.9
 Western 2657 (25.4) 69.9 30.1
Community Distance to Health Facility < 0.001
 Inaccessible 6624 (58.6) 67.8 32.2
 Accessible 3521 (41.4) 86.1 13.9
Community Ethnicity Diversity Index 0.099
 Less Diverse 7565 (79.6) 74.0 26.0
 More Diverse 2065 (20.4) 77.0 23.0
Community Socioeconomic Status < 0.001
 Low 5519 (50.4) 67.8 32.2
 High 4111 (49.6) 83.0 17.0
Community Media Saturation < 0.001
 Less Saturated 5534 (50.4) 73.6 26.4
 Saturated 4096 (49.6) 75.4 22.6
Community level of autonomy 0.046
 Low 4928 (54.9) 73.6 26.4
 High 4702 (45.1) 77.4 22.6
Total 9630 75.0 25.0