Skip to main content
. 2025 Nov 21;22:189. doi: 10.1186/s12954-025-01338-1

Table 2.

Participant characteristics, chemsex-related behaviors, preventive practices, and app usability evaluation

Total N = 20
N (%)
Baseline
 Sociodemographic characteristics
  Age < 35 (vs. ≥ 35) 7 (35.0)
  Education: bachelor’s degree or higher 16 (80.0)
  Employed 18 (90.0)
 Type of substance used for chemsex
  Methamphetamine 19 (95.0)
  GHB and GBL 11 (55.0)
  MDMA 4 (20.0)
  Viagra 14 (70.0)
  Alkyl nitrites (Rush, poppers) 11 (55.0)
  Sedative 4 (20.0)
 Sexual behaviors
  Having a sexual partner living with HIV in past 3 months 9 (45.0)
  Numbers of male sexual partners in the past 3 months ≥ 6 6 (30.0)
  CLAI in past 3 months 19 (95.0)
  Self-reported STI in the lifetime (any kind)1 7 (35.0)
 Preventive behaviors
  HIV status and PrEP use
   HIV negative not on PrEP 3 (15.0)
   HIV negative on PrEP 6 (30.0)
   Living with HIV 11 (55.0)
   Mpox vaccination uptake 14 (70.0)
   HPV vaccination uptake 13 (65.0)
   Doxy-PEP use experience 2 (10.0)
  Chemsex services utilization in the past three months
   Chemsex recovery therapy groups or counseling 9 (45.0)
   Mental health clinic/hospital or rehab center 9 (45.0)
   Chemsex care programs affiliated with NGO 4 (20.0)
   Needle Syringe Program 2 (10.0)
 Self-efficacy for sexual safety2 21.30 (7.73)
 Sexual satisfaction2 4.48 (1.81)
One-month follow-up
 mHealth app usability2 2.14 (1.15)

GHB gamma-hydroxybuturate, GBL gamma-butyrolactone, MDMA 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, CLAI condomless anal intercourse, STI sexually transmitted infection, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, PrEP pre-exposure prophylaxis, HPV human papillomavirus, Doxy-PEP postexposure prophylaxis with doxycycline, NGO nongovernmental organization

1STI includes gonorrhea, syphilis, genital warts, genital herpes, amoebic colitis, chlamydia, shigellosis, and hepatitis virus infection (including type A, B, and C virus)

2Data are presented as mean and standard deviation