Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the DK/DKA group
| DK/DKA group | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | ||
| Number | 26 DK 13/DKA 13 | 66 DK 42/DKA 24 | |
| Age (years) | 62 (42–71) | 53 (41–64) | 0.27 |
| Male/Female | 14/12 | 47/19 | 0.14 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.6 (17.6–22.5) | 24.4 (21.1–28.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Plasma glucagon (pg/mL) | 59.0 (28.0–179.4) DK 32.9/DKA 178.8 | 66.5 (36.9–130.8) DK 48.3/DKA 132.1 | 0.67 |
| HbA1c (%) | 10.6 (7.8–14.6) | 12.7 (10.9–14.3) | 0.042 |
| Plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 555 (311–705) | 460 (334–669) | 0.71 |
| Serum ketone bodies (μmol/L) | 9824 (3864–14,726) | 4793 (1410–14624) | 0.015 |
| Arterial blood pH | 7.26 (7.15–7.39) DK 7.40/DKA 7.16 | 7.39 (7.28–7.43) DK 7.42/DKA 7.26 | 0.009 |
| Bicarbonate in arterial blood (mEq/L) | 11.9 (4.7–19.9) DK 20.0/DKA 6.4 | 19.9 (13.0–23.0) DK 22.0/DKA 10.2 | 0.013 |
| Anion gap in arterial blood (mEq/L) | 20.5 (16.4–29.3) DK 16.0 / DKA 28.8 | 18.3 (14.0–23.9) DK 14.7 / DKA 25.1 | 0.070 |
| Lactic acid in arterial blood (mmol/L) | 1.6 (1.1–3.0) | 1.6 (1.2–2.3) | 0.66 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.86 (0.62–1.54) | 0.84 (0.65–1.20) | 0.96 |
| Serum osmolality (mOSM) | 308 (290–334) | 304 (292–328) | 0.93 |
| Serum C-peptide immunoreactivity (ng/mL) | 0.6 (0.1–1.2) DK 0.7/DKA 0.1 | 1.9 (1.3–2.7) DK 2.0/DKA 1.7 | < 0.0001 |
| C-peptide immunoreactivity/glucose | 0.18 (0.01–0.32) DK 0.27/DKA 0.01 | 0.43 (0.25–0.62) DK 0.53/DKA 0.29 | < 0.0001 |
Median and interquartile ranges (in parenthesis) are shown
C-peptide immunoreactivity/glucose is shown as calculated values multiplied by 100
BMI body mass index, DK diabetic ketosis, DKA diabetic ketoacidosis