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. 2025 Nov 23;17(1):1. doi: 10.1007/s13340-025-00852-8

Table 3.

Factors associated with plasma glucagon levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the DK/DKA group, and the HHS group

Ρ P value
Type 1 diabetes mellitus in the DK/DKA group (N = 26)
 Glucose 0.68 0.0001
 Serum CPR − 0.47 0.016
 CPR/glucose − 0.67 0.0002
 Serum OSM 0.72  < 0.0001
 Creatinine 0.65 0.0003
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the DK/DKA group (N = 66)
 Glucose 0.60  < 0.0001
 Serum CPR 0.25 0.043
 CPR/glucose − 0.18 0.14
 Serum OSM 0.61  < 0.0001
 Creatinine 0.66  < 0.0001
HHS group (N = 17)
 Glucose − 0.44 0.076
 Serum CPR 0.66 0.0042
 CPR/glucose 0.71 0.0013
 Serum OSM 0.41 0.10
 Creatinine 0.44 0.080

DK diabetic ketosis, DKA diabetic ketoacidosis, HHS hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, CPR C-peptide immunoreactivity, OSM osmolality