Table 2.

Raw means and standard deviations along with pairwise comparisons for help-seeking intentions, suicide literacy, suicide stigma, and helping self-efficacy across timepoints

	T1	T2	T3	Comparison	Mean difference	Cohen’s d
Formal help-seeking	27.96 (6.16)	30.98 (5.30)	29.98 (4.48)	T1 – T2	2.99 [1.86, 4.13]***	0.70 [0.43, 0.96]
				T1 – T3	2.31 [0.71, 3.91]*	0.54 [0.16, 0.92]
				T2 – T3	−0.68 [−2.30, 0.94]	−0.16 [−0.54, 0.22]
Informal help-seeking	20.78 (4.95)	21.84 (4.81)	19.18 (5.53)	T1 – T2	1.03 [−0.11, 2.16]	0.24 [−0.03, 0.50]
				T1 – T3	−1.31 [−2.92, 0.29]	−0.31 [−0.68, 0.07]
				T2 – T3	−2.34 [−3.97, −0.71]*	−0.55 [−0.93, −0.16]
Suicide literacy	8.84 (1.87)	9.21 (1.66)	10.12 (1.43)	T1 – T2	0.24 [−0.10, 0.58]	0.19 [−0.08, 0.46]
				T1 – T3	0.92 [0.43, 1.42]**	0.73 [0.33, 1.12]
				T2 – T3	0.68 [0.18, 1.18]*	0.54 [0.14, 0.93]
Suicide stigma	17.23 (7.48)	15.67 (7.57)	14.50 (7.43)	T1 – T2	−1.33 [−2.58, −0.08]*	−0.29 [−0.56, −0.02]
				T1 – T3	−1.19 [−3.15, 0.47]	−0.29 [−0.69, 0.10]
				T2 – T3	−0.01 [−1.83, 1.81]	0.00 [−0.40, 0.40]
Helping self-efficacy	56.62 (14.32)	76.16 (12.28)	69.47 (14.67)	T1 – T2	19.93 [16.99, 22.87]***	1.80 [1.49, 2.11]
				T1 – T3	13.61 [9.39, 17.83]***	1.23 [0.83, 1.63]
				T2 – T3	−6.32 [−10.65, −1.99]*	−0.57 [−0.96, −0.18]

Note: Values in parentheses represent standard deviations (SD). Values in square brackets represent 95% confidence intervals (CI). Cohen’s d represents the standardised mean difference. *p < .05. ** p < .01 *** p < .001.