AC	Adenylate Cyclase
ACE	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
ADA	American Diabetes Association
Akt	Protein Kinase B
ALT	Alanine Aminotransferase
ASCVD	Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
AST	Aspartate Aminotransferase
cAMP	Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
CNS	Central Nervous System
COPD	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
CRMS	Cardio–Renal–Metabolic Syndrome
CVOT	Cardiovascular Outcome Trial
DKD	Diabetic Kidney Disease
DN	Diabetic Nephropathy
DPP-4	Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4
EPAC	Exchange Protein Directly Activated By Camp
FDA	Food And Drug Administration
GCGR	Glucagon Receptor
GFR	Glomerular Filtration Rate
GIP	Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide
GIPR	GIP Receptor
GLP-1	Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
GLP-1R	GLP-1 Receptor
GLP-1RA	GLP-1 Receptor Agonist
GLUT-4	Glucose Transporter Type 4
GPCR	G Protein-Coupled Receptor
HbA1c	Glycated Hemoglobin
HDL	High-Density Lipoprotein
HFpEF	Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
HSA	Human Serum Albumin
IR	Insulin Resistance
IRS-1	Insulin Receptor Substrate 1
LDL	Low-Density Lipoprotein
MACE	Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events
MASH	Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis
MASLD	Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
MI	Myocardial Infarction
NAFLD	Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
NAION	Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
PEG	Polyethylene Glycol
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
PLGA	Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid)
PKA	Protein Kinase A
PKCβ	Protein Kinase C Beta
PPAR-α	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha
RAAS	Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System
Ro5	Lipinski’s Rule Of Five
SGLT2	Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2
SGLT2i	Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors
SNAC	Sodium N-[8-(2-Hydroxybenzoyl)Aminocaprylate]
SPPS	Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis
T2DM	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
WHO	World Health Organization
(AEEA)2	[2-(2-(2-aminoethoxy) ethoxy) acetic acid]2
(Oda)2	(2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid)2